In a property pre-existent from centuries, the marquis de Girardin created his park and its fabriques with a philosophical inspiration and a moralising intent. He was greatly influenced by Jean Jacques Rousseau ideas on nature and education. As a bachelor, he had travelled in England, where he visited the gardens, and was specially overwhelmed by the Leasowes. To create his garden, he took advice from Hubert Robert, abbé Delille, and from the architect Jean-Marie Morel. Scottish gardeners joined him.

The park extended to north and south of the castle and counted forty fabriques or so. It included in the northwest a Désert, perfectly natural, made up of sandy rubbles and moors and some places with naked sand. The tower of the Belle Gabrielle, modified, constituted there one of the three or the four most famous fabriques of the park.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the famous guest of the marquis, died there on July 2, 1778, only six weeks after having settled in Ermenonville. His remains were preserved in the tomb of the island of Poplars until their transport at the Pantheon in Paris in 1794. The marquis de Girardin, although sincere partisan, even enthusiast, of the Revolution and in spite of favourable testimonies of the local municipal officials, was regarded as suspect under Terror and was assigned with residence. At least he escaped the guillotine. The property remained with the heirs of the marquis until 1874. To pay the debts of his back small son the park was sold in 1874, dismembered, as the sale of the whole having been unsuccessful. The castle on a side, the Désert of the other constitute now separate fields. The northern part has been parcelled out in smaller allotments.

The southern part is the best preserved and the only one opened to the public. It is called " park Jean-Jacques Rousseau ", because it includes the island of Poplars. The Touring Club de France purchased that part of the property in 1938 to save it from parcelling out; it installed a campsite in the west, at the edge of the road, today with the abandonment. After the bankruptcy of the TCF in 1983, the public authorities of Oise acquired the park in 1985.

The park Jean-Jacques Rousseau was classified an historic building by decree of July 6, 1939. The island of Poplars, the temple of modern philosophy and the castle had been registered with the additional inventory of the historic buildings by decree of June 11, 1930.

Channels, ponds, large trees remain close to the state of time. Within this framework, about fifteen fabriques allow us to still partly achieve the course of reflexion planned by their creator. Some located in this part however disappeared (the hut of Philémon and Beaucis, the hermitage, the obelisk, the brewery...).

The park suffered from the lack of maintenance during several decades: many majestic trees decline, meadows are unpleasant, vegetation invaded the ground under the foliage... Gradually, the public authorities of Oise upgrade the park: large trees were neat (some were sacrificed or will necessarily be), the poplars of the island were replanted about 1995, the most significant fabriques (temple, table, ice-house, play of arc) were restored. At the begining of th eyear 2002, the brambles were cleared and the Temple appears now from the banks, as it was designed to be. An indirect but considerable contribution was the creation of a deviation which prevents that the road traffic does not circulate on the old road, which runs between the castle and the park.

Idyllic visit, the most recommended (visits of the Désert de Retz being suspended), because of the weak frequenting and the conservation of a sufficient influence to perceive the spirit of the park. Don't limit your visit to a simple go-round of the main pond, the majority of the fabriques would escape to you. They are on the western slope, shadowed in the rough. The plans available at the entry are not very clear. The free brochure available at the Tourist Office (facing the entry of the park) is far better, but in French. I advise to print my plan.

The majority of the fabriques from number 1 to 17 above are in good condition. However: the pediment of the fore-part of the ice-house have disappeared - the rustic kiosk is in ruin, it remains the base of stone enclosed by the bramble - the Arcadian meadow is uneven - the bank of old people is invaded of foam and itself inserts in the ground.

In the vicinity of the most part of the fabriques a philosophical or poetic text in report with them was engraved in a stone (see below that one of the grotto of the Naïads). Today, they may seem ingenuous or grandiloquent.

Each of the six columns of the temple of modern philosophy wears the name of a philosopher (Newton, Descartes, Voltaire, Rousseau, William Penn, Montesquieu..) and a Latin word characterising him. The building is voluntarily unfinished, to show that philosophy will progress; stones to be gone up are laid out on the ground. The whole of the temple is dedicated to Montaigne " who had said everything ". The temple was the centrepiece of the park, before occurred the death of Jean-Jacques Rousseau leading to his burial in the park. Indeed the philosopher was Protestant and could not be buried in the cemetery, either that Mayer.

It's not sure that the rustic kiosk stood there. It could have been set slightly to the south, closer from the path leading to the chasm.

Parc Jean-Jacques Rousseau
60950 - ERMENONVILLE
phone : 33. 3.44.54.01.58. (from France : 03.44.54.01.58)
40 km north-east of Paris.

Opened daily, Tuesday excepted, 14 h 00 - 18 h 15. Closed from December 20 th, to January 10th or about (check it by phone). Access closed 1 hour before general closing, and earlier in winter at dusk. Fee 12 F, 24 F twinned with Chaalis gardens.

The castle, now a luxury hotel, may not be visited.

Map : IGN 1/25000 TOP25 n° 2412 OT Forêt de Chantilly - 58 F

• Castles in Oise
• On Archinform, map by LE ROUGE from his book "Nouveaux Jardins" (ground drawn 1775, corrected with new information and published circa 1790)
• On the site of the University of Nice, engraving on the basis of a painting by Moreau le Jeune, the tomb of J.-.J Rousseau
• The gardens of the Leasowes , that the marquis de Girardin visited and which influenced the landscaping of his park.
• Bulletin spécial n° 73-75 du Groupement d'étude des monuments et oeuvres d'art de l'Oise et du Beauvaisis (GEMOB) by Mme MAZEL, 150 F, sold at the access of the park (in French)
• Marquis René de Girardin's book : "De la composition des paysages sur le terrain, ou des moyens d'embellir la nature près des habitations en joignant l'agréable à l'utile" (in French)
  His book was translated in English as "An Essay on the means of improving and embellishing the country round our habitations" (London, 1783), and influenced back some gardens, as Kilfane (Ireland) and the Grove (Middlesex)     Special thanks to M. Richard Durrant, creator of the website devoted to The Grove, for having advised me of these historical links.
• Have a look to the general bibliography

• Rousseau Association
• some links in French

Pages about Anglo-Chinese gardens The Désert de Retz Ermenonville Méréville Other famous Anglo-Chinese gardens in France Anglo-Chinese gardens of France parcelled out The Folie Saint-James The Chinese pavilion of Cassan The Nymphaeum of Chatou Country corner Some gardens of Sweden Some gardens of other European countries